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Deception
is something that all higher organisms are capable of. However
deception is not necessarily a bad thing, but it is condemned
in every major religion and society as it holds the potential
to harm people. Some people use deception to make a living,
others make a living out detecting deception. In human beings
deception can be detected by reading certain body gestures,
these gestures are often times unintentional and subconscious.
Many
of the techniques that we will discuss in this article are
often times used by police as well as human resource managers
and security experts. This information is useful to anyone
who needs to detect deception, or maneuver themselves out
of certain situations by detecting deception. On the other
hand knowing how to detect deception can save you from becoming
a victim of fraud or other types of scams via various deceptive
methods.
Looking
For "Tells" in Body Language
If
you see that the person you are speaking has a stiff or limited
movement of his hands or arms. Or if they withdraw their hands
and legs towards themselves, and stiffen up their neck so
as to take up less space, it means that they are trying to
deceive you. Also a liar will try not to look you in the eye,
they will avoid looking you straight in the face as well.
Liars
will also touch their faces frequently, as well as their mouth
and throat. They will also attempt to scratch their nose or
behind their ears towards their head. Liars will often make
sudden movements when talking to you.
People
who are lying try to keep a straight face, which puts pressure
on their face as they try to control the expression on their
face and put on a false impression. Many experts are of the
opinion that deception is much easier detected via body language
rather than reading the face, Because the body plays an important
roll in nonverbal communication, and it can reveal a lot about
the liar. More over it is difficult for the liar to control
all aspects of his or her expression entirely, so despite
his or her efforts there are many clues that can be gathered
based on the expression of the liars face.
Reading
Facial Expressions
When
reading facial expressions you need to notice the timing as
well as the duration of the various emotional gestures as
well as which emotions seem to be off its normal pace. If
you see that the emotions are delayed and they stick around
longer than they usually do and then stop for no apparent
reason.
When
I talk about "de-synchronized" emotional gestures
/ expressions I mean lets say for instance, you hear the word
‘I love you!’ from a person who is giving you a
gift and you see a smile shortly after you take the gift,
rather than at the precise moment the statement is made. So
the gestures and expressions don’t really match the verbal
statement that is made.
You
will notice that the person’s mouth is rather stiff and
has limited movement, which means that the emotions are being
faked. For instance when someone naturally smiles their whole
face lights up, and their jaws and cheek movements as well
as eyes and foreheads push downwards.
Reactions
and counter Reactions
When
you confront a guilty person they will often get defensive.
And an innocent person will tend to go on the offensive. A
liar will have difficulty facing the interrogator or accuser
and may often turn away or swing his or her head and body
away every now and then. If he has a problem facing a particular
question he may swing his eyes and head to one side then to
the other before he answers. Often a liar may place various
objects between you and himself such as a cup, an ashtray
or book etc.
Verbal
Communication
When
asked a question a liar will use the words you used in your
question to answer. For instance if you asked ‘did you
steal my car?’ a liar will answer ‘No, I didn’t
steal your car’. On the other hand if you hear a statement
that contradicts the question such as ‘I didn’t
do it’ or ‘I couldn’t have done it’ is
most likely to be truthful.
Some
liars have a conscience that gives them away, such as they
don’t directly lie but rather imply that they the answer.
They try not to lie using direct statements. The liar will
try to add unnecessary details to try and convince you that
he is telling the truth, his or her tone will often be more
natural, however they will not be very comfortable with silence
during the conversation.
A
person who is lying will usually have a monotonous tone and
leave out pronouns. On the other hand during a truthful statement
a person tends to emphasize pronouns as much and at times
more than the other words in the statement. A liar will often
garble spoken words, or speak extra softly, and may also make
certain grammar and syntax errors. His statements will sound
muddled and he wont really emphasize on any part of his statement.
If
you get a hunch that the person you are speaking to is lying,
then it would be a good idea to change the subject abruptly.
The liar will gladly follow along, as he wants the subject
to be changed, you will also notice that his posture becomes
more relaxed. On the other hand an innocent person will get
confused due the sudden change in the topic, he will try his
best to bring you back on track to the subject you were discussing
earlier. A liar will also use some humor or sarcasm to avoid
the subject.
However
many people who are not liars may also exhibit these traits.
Just exhibiting these traits doesn’t make them a liar,
but it gives you an opportunity to further explore the possibility
of them lying.
This
article is a basic "crash course" in lie-detection,
and lays a basic foundation of psychological "tells"
that agents in a variety of government and law enforcement
agencies will study in much more detail.
But
as a civilian, a parent or a suspicious partner - this is
more than enough information to determine whether or not your
suspicions may be justified...
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